What it is
The eye is a small, crowded organ. The eyelids and lashes guard a clear front window, the cornea; behind it sit the lens, which focuses light, and the retina, which turns light into signals for the brain. A problem in each of these layers shows up differently: an inward-rolling eyelid rubs the cornea raw, a scratch can deepen into an ulcer, a clouding lens blurs the picture, and a failing retina dims it slowly, first in poor light.
Some eye problems are inherited or tied to the shape of the face and eyelids: prominent eyes in flat-faced dogs are easier to injure. Others come from injury, infection or age.
A dog whose sight fades gradually leans on its nose and ears and can cope remarkably well in a familiar home. Keep the furniture where it is, speak before you touch, and block off stairs and pond edges.
Signs you may notice
- Red or watery eye
- Squints or paws at the eye
- Cloudy or bluish eye surface
- Discharge from the eye
- Avoids bright light
- Bumps into things
The eye waters, looks red or swollen, has discharge, or its surface turns cloudy or changes colour, while the dog squints or paws at it. You may also notice the dog avoiding bright light or starting to bump into things.
When to see a vet
An eye that is suddenly red, painful or injured needs a vet immediately. Book a visit for any cloudiness, discharge or sign that your dog sees less well than before.
This is general information, not veterinary advice. For your own dog's health, tests and treatment, see a vet.