FAQ: Health for dogs

There is no reliable evidence that home remedies effectively expel worms, and garlic can actually be toxic to dogs. Relying on such methods may leave the worms in place, harming the dog and the household. Use products recommended by a vet.

A laboratory faecal test shows whether there are worm eggs or other parasites in the dog's faeces. Based on the result, a vet can choose the right product or decide that deworming is not needed right now. The clinic will explain how to collect and deliver the sample.

Yes, mosquitoes can transmit Dirofilaria — worms that live under the skin or, in some cases, in the heart and lung blood vessels. The risk is higher in warmer regions, but cases also occur in Lithuania. Discuss with a vet whether your dog needs protection against mosquito-borne parasites.

Usually not. A complete dog food is already formulated to give the dog all the vitamins and minerals it needs. Extra vitamins can upset the balance, and too much of some is harmful. Supplements may be needed for certain conditions or a home-made diet — a vet can help decide.

Joint supplements are meant to help support joint cartilage and mobility, usually in older, large-breed, active dogs or dogs with joint problems. They do not cure joint disease or replace treatment prescribed by a vet. If your dog limps or struggles to get up, first have a vet find the cause.

Glucosamine and chondroitin are substances found naturally in cartilage and are the most common ingredients in joint supplements. Research results on how well they work are mixed, but many vets regard them as a safe addition. The maker states the amount and duration, and a vet can advise on suitability.

Green-lipped mussel extract comes from New Zealand mussels and contains omega-3 fatty acids and other substances that may help support the joints. It is often combined with glucosamine. Supplements like this may not suit dogs allergic to seafood.

There is no single rule. Some owners start joint supplements early for large-breed or very active dogs, others when they see the first signs of ageing. If your dog finds it hard to get up, climb stairs or limps, see a vet first so the cause can be found.

Joint supplements act slowly — any changes usually show only after several weeks of regular use. So it makes sense not to judge a supplement after a few days. If there is no improvement after the recommended period, ask a vet about other options.

A dog may have joint pain if it struggles to get up after sleeping, limps, avoids stairs or jumping into the car, tires more quickly, licks its joints or becomes irritable when touched. Such signs are worth showing to a vet, as they can have various causes.

Omega-3 fatty acids, usually from fish oil, are used to support the skin, coat, joints and general health. Some dog foods already contain enough. Fat supplements have calories and can cause digestive upsets, so the amount is worth discussing with a vet.

Fish oil or omega-3 oils for dogs are often used to support the skin and coat. Choose a product made for dogs so it is clear how much active ingredient it contains, and follow the label. If your dog takes medication or has digestive problems, ask a vet first.

It is not recommended. Human supplements are formulated in amounts suited to people, and some contain substances dangerous to dogs, such as xylitol or too much vitamin D. Use only supplements made for dogs, or those a vet has recommended.

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that may help keep the gut flora balanced, for example when changing food, travelling, under stress or after a course of antibiotics. They are not a treatment for disease. If a digestive upset lasts longer, see a vet.

In some cases vets recommend probiotics to ease mild diarrhoea, but they do not deal with the cause. If diarrhoea lasts more than a day, keeps coming back, contains blood, or the dog is vomiting, lethargic or a puppy, see a vet without delay.

Prebiotics are fibres such as inulin or oligosaccharides that feed the beneficial gut bacteria. They are often found in food or supplements together with probiotics. Too much can cause gas or softer stools, so follow the label.

A puppy on a complete puppy food usually does not need calcium supplements. Too much calcium, especially in large-breed puppies, can disrupt bone and joint development. Give calcium supplements only when a vet recommends them.

Skin and coat supplements usually contain omega fatty acids, biotin, zinc and other substances that help support healthy skin and a glossy coat. They may help with dry skin, but the cause of itching, bald patches or redness should be found by a vet.

Calming supplements usually contain amino acids such as tryptophan, plant extracts or other substances that may help a dog feel calmer in stressful situations. Their effect is mild and varies between dogs. For strong fear or anxiety, see a vet or a behaviour specialist.

Mild calming supplements help some dogs, but they often need to be started a few days in advance, as the label says. For a very frightened dog this may not be enough. If your dog panics during fireworks, talk to a vet well before the holidays.