FAQ: Treats for dogs

Insect protein, for example from black soldier fly larvae, is used as an alternative protein source and is often chosen for dogs sensitive to common meats. As with any new treat, introduce it gradually.

Dogs are omnivores, so vegetarian treats made, for example, from vegetables, rice or sweet potato can suit them as a snack. Since they are only an extra, the main food must remain complete.

Dried sweet potato is a popular fat-free chew with fibre that many dogs enjoy. It is fairly high in calories due to carbohydrates, so give it in moderation.

Fish skin chews are usually lean, crunchy and contain fatty acids naturally found in fish. They are chewed up faster than hard meat chews and suit dogs that do not tolerate beef or chicken.

Dried liver is very aromatic, so it works well for training in small pieces. Liver is rich in vitamin A, so it should not be given in large amounts every day.

Dried lung is a very light, airy and lean treat that is easy to break into small pieces. Because it is low in calories, it is often used for training or for dogs that need to watch their weight.

Natural chews made from animal parts have a distinctive smell whose strength depends on the drying method and storage. Lower-odour versions are usually dried for longer, and the chew can be kept in a closed container.

Rabbit and lamb ears are smaller and often leaner than pig ears, so they suit smaller dogs or work as a shorter chew. Rabbit ears with fur also add fibre.

Collagen chews are made from the inner layer of animal hide and are often offered as a more digestible alternative to rawhide. They are fairly hard and long-lasting, but like other chews they should be given under supervision.

Edible chews are eaten and give flavour, while nylon bones are only for gnawing and last a long time. A nylon bone must be replaced once it wears down or starts breaking, so the dog does not swallow pieces.

A commonly mentioned simple test: if you cannot make a mark on the chew's surface with your fingernail, it may be too hard for some dogs. Be especially careful with puppies, senior dogs and strong chewers.

Warning signs include blood on the chew, chewing on one side, drooling, avoiding food, pawing at the face or a visibly chipped tooth. In that case see a vet, as a damaged tooth can be painful and become infected.

Strong chewers do well with large, thicker natural chews and sturdy chew toys designed for the purpose. Very hard chews such as whole antlers or hooves are best avoided for such dogs, as they chip teeth more often.

Flat-faced dogs such as pugs or bulldogs find flatter or smaller treats easier to pick up. They often eat greedily, so avoid small round pieces that can be swallowed unchewed.

Active dogs can have the same treats as others; their energy needs are just higher, so treats make up a smaller part of the diet. During long hikes or training, small, easy-to-carry bites are handy.

Yes, some treats contain ingredients that manufacturers say help a dog relax, such as tryptophan or plant extracts. They do not replace behaviour work, and strong anxiety is worth discussing with a vet.

Some treats contain omega fatty acids or other skin and coat ingredients, so they can be a small supplement. A noticeably poor coat or itching should always be shown to a vet.

Yes, some treats have added probiotics or prebiotic fibre meant to support digestion. They are a supplement, so if the dog often has diarrhoea or vomits, a vet should assess the cause.

Diabetic dogs need a consistent feeding routine, so the type, amount and timing of treats should be agreed with a vet. Treats with sugar and lots of carbohydrates are usually avoided.

Dogs with kidney disease are often on a special diet, and ordinary meaty treats may not fit it. Choose treats for such a dog only after talking to a vet.