What it is
A dog's skeleton works as a whole: bones carry the weight, joints lined with smooth cartilage let them move freely, and ligaments and tendons hold everything in place. When one part fails, such as a loose joint, worn cartilage or a torn ligament, the load is spread differently through the leg, and other parts start to wear faster.
Some problems begin in puppyhood, when bones and joints grow unevenly; these are linked to genes, to fast growth and, in large dogs, to sheer size. Others follow injuries at any age, and wear and tear builds up with the years and with extra body weight.
In everyday life, sore joints cope better with steady, even movement than with bursts of sprinting and sharp turns. Non-slip floors, ramps instead of jumps and a soft, supportive bed help your dog move and rest with less strain on its joints.
Signs you may notice
- Limps when walking
- Stiff when getting up
- Reluctant to jump or climb stairs
- Stiff after walks
- Licks or guards one leg
- Changed gait or posture
You may notice the dog limping, getting up stiffly, being reluctant to climb stairs or jump, stiffening after walks, or licking and guarding one leg. In some dogs the gait changes gradually, in others suddenly, after a jump or a knock.
When to see a vet
Book a vet visit if a limp does not pass within a couple of days, keeps coming back, or your dog gets up stiffly. Go the same day if your dog suddenly cannot put weight on a leg or the leg looks swollen or misshapen.
This is general information, not veterinary advice. For your own dog's health, tests and treatment, see a vet.