What it is
Melanin, the pigment that colours the eyes, skin and coat, is made by cells called melanocytes. In this syndrome the immune system mistakes them for enemies. In the eye the attack lands on the uvea, the pigmented middle layer that nourishes the eye, and the inflammation can spread to the retina and raise the pressure inside the eye. In the skin the same attack bleaches the nose, lips and eyelids, and later the coat may whiten in patches.
It is thought to stem from an inherited immune tendency and tends to appear in young adult dogs. The eye changes may come before the skin changes, or the other way round.
Pale skin burns more easily, so shade on bright days helps. A dog whose sight has weakened can still enjoy life in a calm, familiar home, as long as routes and furniture stay the same.
Signs you may notice
- Red, watery eyes
- Squints or avoids light
- Cloudy or bluish eyes
- Bumps into things
- Nose or lips turning pale
- Sore or crusted skin
You may notice red, watery or cloudy eyes, squinting, avoiding light, or the dog seeing less well. Later the nose, lips, eyelids or coat may turn pale, and the skin in these areas sometimes becomes sore or crusted.
When to see a vet
Red, painful eyes or a sudden drop in vision mean a vet is needed immediately. Book a visit if the nose, lips or coat start to lose their colour.
This is general information, not veterinary advice. For your own dog's health, tests and treatment, see a vet.