What it is
The retina is a thin layer of nerve tissue lining the back of the eye, where light is turned into signals for the brain. It forms while the puppy is still developing, from two layers that must fit snugly together. In retinal dysplasia they join unevenly, leaving folds, rosettes or patches where the retina is out of shape. In severe cases the retina may not be properly attached.
The condition is inborn: it is inherited, though an infection during pregnancy can also disturb how the retina forms. In some dogs retinal dysplasia comes together with changes elsewhere in the body, such as in the skeleton.
A dog with weaker sight leans more on its nose and ears. Keeping furniture in familiar places, using a lead in new surroundings and blocking off stairs and other drops help a dog that sees poorly to get around safely.
Signs you may notice
- Bumps into furniture
- Misjudges toys it tries to catch
- Hesitant in dim light
- Unsure on stairs
- Reluctant in unfamiliar places
With a mild form you may notice nothing at all. If sight is affected, a puppy may bump into things, misjudge toys it tries to catch or move hesitantly in unfamiliar places.
When to see a vet
Book a vet visit if your puppy bumps into things, moves hesitantly in new places or you have any doubt about its sight. Go the same day if your dog suddenly seems unable to see.
This is general information, not veterinary advice. For your own dog's health, tests and treatment, see a vet.